In general, we need only 2 parts: a microphone capsule and a wire from old headphones - for the computer connector.
Microphone capsules are found in cell phones, MP3 players, cassette recorders, and many more. I took it from my cell phone.
Here it is - very small.
I soldered a wire to it: common to common, middle to middle. I stuffed it into a piece of plastic housing from an old plug. A clothespin from the headset of the same phone.
Unfortunately, I didn’t have a headphone jack, so I did this:
Here's what happened ideally:
The sensitivity is simply incredible - Chinese computer microphones are not even close! (although the capsule is also Chinese)
The microphone design can be anything. But it is best to use shielded wire!